A qualidade do trabalho e a sobre-educação na economia compartilhada, Brasil (2012-2020)

Abstract

The Sharing Economy is characterized by the performance of digital platforms that connect the supply and demand for goods and services. This segment has been gaining space in the Brazilian market as it plays an important role as an alternative to unemployment, especially after the economic crisis that started in 2014 and that remains until today. A significant portion of these individuals who find it difficult to enter the formal market are composed of highly educated workers who submit themselves to less qualified jobs, this situation is defined as overeducation. This panorama raised questions about the future of work, especially with regard to job quality, as the Sharing Economy lacks regulation of labor rights. It is proposed to analyze the behavior of these three axes by means of indicators, which are: 1) Shared Economy Index – EC; 2) Job Quality Index – IQT; 3) Index of Overeducation – ISE. Thus, salary models for urban Brazil are estimated by MQO for each year between 2012 and 2020, in order to follow the evolution of the interaction of the indicators. For this purpose, data from the PNAD-Continua and the Brazilian Classification of Occupations - CBO were used. The results show that the Sharing Economy and overeducation have grown, while the quality of work is stagnant after the economic crisis. In addition, there is an increase in social disparities, with individuals overeducated in precarious jobs in the Sharing Economy with the greatest penalty on labor income over the period.