Eventos adversos relacionados à ventilação mecânica em terapia intensiva pediátrica

Abstract

Medical assistance carries unnumbered benefits, but is not absent of risks. The publication of a report by the Institute of Medicine, an evidence based health organization, estimated that about a million patients admitted in north American hospitals were a victim of assistance adverse events by year. Adverse Event (AE) is characterized by an injury or unintentional damage caused to a patient due to assistance intervention and not by the underlying disease. Most part of the existing studies analyse AE in adults, with no specific focus on mechanical ventilation, and few evaluate paediatric patients. According to the World Health Organizations (WHO), patients safety is the reduced risk of unnecessary damage associated with health assistance to an admissible minimum. AE resulting from incidents are ranked as light, moderate, severe or death, according to severity, duration and implications of treatment. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) may cause AE. The rate of AE in paediatric intensive care patients has been reported in studies evaluated in the literature, where the main causes were atelectasis, Ventilation-Associated Pneumonia e pneumothorax. New investigations about AE are required, and they must consider recent shifts in assistance practices, preventive measures protocols and epidemiology