Geração e caracterização de estados fotônicos emaranhados em modos espaciais e polarização

Abstract

In this work we present a method of preparing and operating on photonic quantum states. It consists in coding quantum states in parallel Gaussian beams, which are transformed by diffraction gratings. We show through experimental results that this technique is able to operate in high-dimentional systems (D > 2) and perform sequential operations, among other advantages. We also show that, using the phenomenon of parametric down conversion, we are able to prepare two systems encoded in parallel Gaussian beams entangled with each other. Finally, we show that we can add one extra degree of freedom, the polarization, to create hyper-entangled states, i. e., entangled in more than one degree of freedom, and states that have hybrid entanglement, i. e., which present entanglement between different degrees of freedom.