Os métodos de Hannah Arendt : uma moldura a partir da fenomenologia, da filosofia da existência e da hermenêutica

Abstract

This thesis has as objective to show an interpretation of Hannah Arendt's thought about the matter of method. This research assumes that Arendt's base of thinking came from german philosophical theories from 19th to 20th centuries, which are: phenomenology, existential philosophy and hermeneutics. The first step into the path of this study comes from the own author, by her reports about her own intellectual influences, and by her biography, hence her philosophical formation comes by the greatest minds of these theories above mentioned. Concurrently, Hannah Arendt also shows the collapse of the traditional methods and criteria, alongside with a constant worry about the framework that guided the occidental thoughts of philosophy and politics. Although Arendt had not elaborate a new theoretical system or a specific method, this study shows she performs experiments of thoughts from nontraditional criteria, at the same time she is guided by the some content and methods from the three philosophical schools mentioned above. I analyze the author's writings in order to find her thinking methods, whether it is from a technical point of view or from theoretical perspective. This legacy, although, it isn't something she inherit indiscriminately, in fact, it’s a critic reception that creates an original thinking. Rise from this analysis elements coming from phenomenology, existential philosophy [Existenzphilosophie] and hermeneutics, which are: language, concepts, diagnosis, methodological procedures and criteria. Arendt's phenomenology shows itself as major picture by which we can look into the world's events; in addition, it discloses the specificity of each concept and gives relevance to experiences. Existential philosophy shows itself through elements that guide the phenomenological look from the relation between human plurality and the world. At last, Arendt’s investigation has some hermeneutics aspects since it has the notion of understanding as the reconciliation of men with the world.