Avaliação de marcadores imunohematologicos em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e outras doenças autoimunes.

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, multisystemic disease that affects the connective tissue, with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and little-known etiology. The loss of immunological tolerance leads to the production of autoantibodies, tissue deposits of immune complexes, activation of the complement system, and chronic inflammatory processes. The current diagnosis established through complex criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology combined with the unpredictable course of SLE, with episodes of activity and remission, highlights the lack of specific, less invasive biomarkers that help in the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology. In this context, the present study aimed to identify markers with potential assistance in the diagnosis of the disease, in serum samples from patients with SLE compared to patients with other autoimmune diseases (ODA) and a control group (healthy individuals), in addition to subdividing the group of patients with SLE according to the state of disease activity (patients with inactive disease or low activity – LESBA and patients with moderate to high activity SLE – LESAMA). 132 volunteers participated in this study, distributed in the SLE group, with 44 patients (22 patients with low activity – SLEDAI 2k ≤ 4; 22 patients with moderate/high activity – SLEDAI 2k > 4), 44 patients with other autoimmune diseases (ODA group) and 44 healthy volunteers (control group). The following markers were studied: anti-dsDNA-Nc; anti-DNA SS; Interferon-a; Interleukins 8 and 12; Blood count; Lambda and Kappa Light Chains; Beta-2 Microglobulin; Creatinine and Urea. Of these evaluated analytes, promising results for diagnosis and/or prognosis were identified in four of them: Anti-ds DNA-NcX, Anti-DNA SS, IL-12, and Lymphocyte Count. We did not show significant results in the analyses of INF-a, IL-8, Leukocyte Global, Platelet Count, NLR Derived Index, PLR Derived Index, LAMBDA and KAPPA Light Chains, Beta-2 Microglobulin, Creatinine and Urea between the groups evaluated.