Pobreza multidimensional entre pescadores artesanais da Bacia de Campos (RJ) : uma análise comparativa entre os anos de 2016 e 2023

Abstract

Based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, which considers poverty beyond monetary criteria, this dissertation aims to analyze Multidimensional Poverty among artisanal fishers in the Campos dos Goytacazes Basin (RJ), a population affected by Petrobras' oil extraction activities, as well as its evolution between 2016 and 2023. To achieve this, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was applied using the Alkire-Foster method, drawing on data from the Pescarte Survey, conducted among artisanal fishers in the region. The results indicate a significant reduction in multidimensional poverty, with a decline in the proportion of poor families (from 40.2% to 26.2%) and in the intensity of poverty (from 35.7% to 21.09%). The most notable improvements were observed in housing infrastructure, while food security and education remained persistent challenges. Group-based analysis revealed that elderly individuals continue to be the most vulnerable, and that associative participation did not show a significant impact on poverty reduction. This research was funded by the Environmental Education Project (PEA) Pescarte, a mitigation measure required by Federal Environmental Licensing, conducted by IBAMA.