O setor energético no Brasil: um debate sobre a potencialidade das fontes renováveis no contexto ambiental e tecnológico

Abstract

This article aimed to discuss the challenges of renewable energies in Brazil, with emphasis on the exhaustion of the current development model, the role of Research and Development (R&D) and the role of the State for an environmentally sustainable energy transition. To identify the pattern of specialization and concentration of renewable energies in Brazil, a mapping was carried out using indicators: Location Quotient (QL) and Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI). In addition, an exploratory analysis of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission data was carried out, enhancing discussions on the contribution of the energy sector to the mitigation of climate change. The results showed evidence of specialization in renewable energy in most Brazilian states and a high concentration in the production of wind and solar energy, especially in the Northeast region. Nevertheless, the energy sector was characterized as the 3rd most GHG emitter sector, with a growth of 114% between 1990 and 2019. Thus, within this framework, it is possible to identify that Brazil has numerous potentials for expansion in electricity generation through renewable sources. However, it is necessary to solve some bottlenecks and overcome some barriers that prevent a use compatible with its potential. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to the debate on environmentally correct energy transition and the development of public policies in the sector.