Geodesign para criação ou ampliação de unidades de conservação de proteção integral: sub-bacia do Rio Piranga, Minas Gerais

Abstract

The state of Minas Gerais has iron mining as one of its main economic activities, a process whose nature is to transform the landscape. In face of serious environmental disasters, it was observed the intensification in interests to do compensation, protection and environmental recovery actions. Among the environmental initiatives, the possibility of creating Full Protection Conservation Units stands out, which can result from the hierarchization of other types of existing conservation units, the requalification and expansion of existing areas, or even the proposition of new areas for receive the benefit. The discussion about the definition of these areas is not trivial and requires specific knowledge about the study area, according to its main characteristics, vulnerabilities and potentialities. The process requires, above all, the sharing of decisions that may result from listening to different sectors of society, through a process of co-creation. In this sense, an experimental and academic study was carried out in the Piranga River sub-basin, an area seriously impacted by an environmental disaster in 2015. The study presents a bibliographic review on the topics of interest and about legislation, followed by experimentation with Geodesign application. Although academic, the Geodesign workshop, in addition to having postgraduate students, invited representatives of society, related to institutions of economic, environmental and social activities. The Geodesign framework was applied through the creation of analytical maps of the area, organized in an IDE (Spatial Data Infrastructure), and the activities took place on the GISColab Web-Based platform, through the stages of enriching reading about the area, proposing ideas, discussions and criticism, measurement of compliance with objective metrics, voting and decision. To validate the study, a synthesis map of the suitability for the implementation of new areas of Conservation Units was prepared, using the Multicriteria Analysis method, which promotes the integration of maps by crossing variables which are classified according to the degree of pertinence and priority for the implementation of proposals. Once the synthesis map is created, the results contained in the Geodesign step are compared with the map of suitability for implementation according to the technical perspective of multi-criteria analysis. The study is an example of how Geodesign can provide broad decision support for choosing suitable areas for Full Protection Conservation Units.