Alterações biomecânicas em membros inferiores e pelve provocadas por discrepância leve/pequena de membros inferiores durante a marcha

Abstract

Introduction: Lower limb discrepancy (DMI) affects about 90% of the population. Although mild limb discrepancy is related to injury, there is no consensus about its effects on lower limb biomechanics during gait. Objective: To perform a review of the literature on biomechanical changes in lower limbs and pelvis caused by mild / small limb discrepancy during gait. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases from May 2018 to June 2019. Eight articles met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Results: Compensatory strategies occur throughout the lower limb and pelvis. In the long limb condition, there were higher values of hip flexion angles, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion; and reduction of hip abduction angles and supination of the ankle foot complex. On the other hand, in the short limb condition, there was an increase in the angles of plantar flexion and reduction in the angles of hip flexion and knee. Conclusion: This study evidenced that light / small DMI promotes biomechanical changes in the lower limbs and pelvis of young adults during gait. Compensatory strategies occur throughout the lower limb, both in the shorter limb and in the long limb. Thus, the results of this study suggested that mild / small DMI should not be neglected.