Validação de instrumentos para triagem auditiva infantil de 12 a 48 meses

Abstract

Background: Despite well-defined neonatal hearing screening programs, hearing monitoring is necessary due to possible hearing disorders in early childhood. Material and methods: The present study is part of an international cooperation between the UFMG and the Laboratory of Neurosensory Biophysics of Auvergne University, project, Capes-Cofecub nº 861/15. The purpose of the project was to validate instruments for hearing screening – ITAI of children aged 12 to 48 months. The validation process was composed of semantic and psychometric analyzes. In the semantic analysis, internal consistency and reproducibility (test-retest) were verified, with 20 volunteers participating in this stage. For the psychometric validation 201 children and their guardians were evaluated. After these analyzes, the accuracy of the questionnaires was defined and there was a change in the name of the instrument to QTAI - Child Hearing Screening Questionnaire and a change in the name of the “forms” to “questionnaires”.The questionnaires contain binary questions (yes or no) about hearing and language child development in the following ages: 12 to 18 months – questionnaire. 1 (Q1), 19 to 36 months – questionnaire 2 (Q2), and 37 to 48 months – questionnaires 3 (Q3). The children were submitted to tests considered gold standard by the literature (Impedanciometry, audiometry and otoacoustic emissions). In the analysis of the data, the verification of the sensitivity and specificity measures was carried out, using two reference standards, namely "referral" and "diagnosis", which consisted of an evaluation with an otolaryngologist and auditory diagnosis. Results: The factorial analyses shown that to consider a child with risk to hearing loss the questionnaire should contain at least one question marked not on Axis II. 201 children were submitted to audiological exams and the questionnaires showed sensitivity of 50.00% and specificity of 81.02% in the identification of children with bilateral conductive hearing loss. And in the identification of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, it found sensitivity of 100.00% and specificity of 73.15%. Conclusion: This study concludes that the questionnaires validated in this research can be useful to detect hearing disorders in the preschool phase. Through the questionnaires it was possible to identify 100% of the bilateral sensorineural hearing alterations.