Inserção de trama verde e azul em ocupações urbanas consolidadas orientada pela participação social

Abstract

The urban occupation in Brazil has occurred mostly without attention to the environmental impacts caused by the processes of urbanization, which are based in urban parcels and infrastructure implementation. These occupations disregard the natural hydrology and struggle the presence of water bodies and green areas in the urban environment, which is even more severe in areas of informal occupation. They often result in heat island issues, impacting the thermal comfort and energy consumption, changes in the hydrological cycle and in the quality of urban water bodies. The concept of green and blue infrastructure (GBI), conceived especially to create connectivity between protected areas, can contribute to reduce the environmental impacts of urbanization. This study is focused on issues of planning and implementation of GBI in built spaces, highlighting, on one hand, the detection of physical and urban criteria able to guide the choice of the best management practices, and on the other, the assessment of these choices by the concerned population, mainly in public and private spaces. The proposition of urban parameters and regulatory instruments that promote GBI in urban spaces is also part of the study. The methodology that associates physical and urban analysis of the territory, institutional mapping, hydrological modeling and the evaluation of alternatives of GBI was applied in a case study, the Flor dÁgua stream basin. The main methods used for working with stakeholders were semi-structured interviews and focal groups. Based on the data achieved with this methodology, the comparative scenarios were constructed: (0) Current urbanism, (1) Suggested according to GBI principles and (2) Partial implementation. These scenarios were constructed and modeled with assistance of QGIS and SWMM software. The application of this methodology exposed important challenges to the GBI implementation, such as limited areas in built environments, requirement for services not yet present in the public sector and lack of knowledge. Nevertheless, the GBI implementation through structural and non-structural solutions, even if applied on a partial scale, can bring benefits to the urban environment that are enhanced in a scenario of GBI applied by several sectors