Sustentabilidade e energias renováveis: produção descentralizada de energia solar fotovoltaica

Abstract

There are current challenges regarding regional development, with renewable energy as a source of employment and income generation, especially photovoltaic solar energy, in the contexto of micro and mini distributed energy generation systems, considering that this model benefits a greater number of people, working on the organizational process, generating employment locally, while centralized energy generation increasingly concentrates income in the hands of a few or large corporations. Centralized generation is a system that produces more than five megawatts, and this energy can be freely traded, and are even allowed to participate in auctions regulated by governments. In the case of distributed energy generation systems, which generate up to five megawatts of electricity, the legislation only allows compensation for the excess energy generated for a period of up to sixty months and/or use in another location, as long as it is linked to the same personal registration number and/or business registration number within the same jurisdiction as the electricity distributor. In this context, based on the current legislation, there is the possibility of remunerating the infrastructure set up to generate energy in the micro and mini distributed generation model through the integration of energy owners and consumers in a cooperative established for this purpose. In this case, the management carried out by the cooperative allows for remuneration of cooperative members, stimulates the cooperative system among its members, generating employment, income and sustainable regional development, given that the model presented distributes income, provides for the involvement of families from the outset, promotes debate on technical feasibility and future possibilities, seeking a permanent source of income for families, without causing environmental harm, while at the same time enabling families to remain in rural areas, guaranteeing rural succession. Unlike the centralized generation model, the advantages of the proposed model of distributed solar energy generation systems are immense, because in addition to generating income for rural families, it allows for the implementation of new technologies without directly interfering with the environment. It’s a system that benefits everyone and maintains cultural, social and environmental conditions, working to improve the quality of life of families, starting from the locality, from the microeconomy to the macroeconomy.