Defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte e cárie em dentes decíduos: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract

The literature is lacking in scientific evidence on the association between the presence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and the occurrence of caries in the primary dentition. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether children with DDE are more prone to tooth decay compared to children without DDE. This study was developed in two stages, the first stage, we performed a cross-sectional study with arepresentative sample of 381 children 2-5 years Diamantina-MG. In the second step we performed a prospective cohort study of two years of follow up with the children who participated in the first stage of the study. These children were divided into two groups according to exposure - presence of DDE. After the initial contact and parental consent, children were examined and parents were interviewed in their homes. The final sample of 234 children. All teeth were examined for caries diagnosis, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and evaluated the oral hygiene through the presence of visible plaque. Through interviews with parents were confirmed information about the identity of the child, sociodemographic data collected in the first cross-sectional study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows 17.0, and included the frequency distribution, the McNemar test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (p <0.05) and Poisson regression with variance robust. The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between DDE and caries (p <0.001). Poor oral hygiene and age were associated with higher frequency of dental caries (p <0.001). There was no association between sociodemographic and decay. Through multivariate analysis it was observed that children with DDE were more prone to tooth decay (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.45). The presence of caries prior to monitoring (RR: 2.13, CI: 1.64 to 2.71) and poor oral hygiene (RR: 1.39, CI: 1.10 to 1.75) also increased the risk of dental caries in the longitudinal study. Thus, we conclude that children with DDE are more prone to tooth decay, compared to children without DDE.