Abordagem fuzzy para integração e operação de sistemas de mobilidade elétrica em redes de distribuição

Abstract

The process of transition from the energy sources of public transport systems to cleaner fuels is a subject that has been gaining considerable relevance in recent years. Mainly due to the environmental appeal, this phenomenon is natural to occur worldwide and is already becoming a reality, through the progressive introduction of electric buses in the mobility systems of large urban centers in Europe, the United States, and China. However, this process of replacing diesel bus systems with electric ones opens up major questions regarding their economic viability, as well as the best way to make this technological transition possible. In this context, the present work presents a two-stage solution approach using a multi-objective decision-making methodology and a fuzzy energy management strategy to carry out the integration and operation of an electric mobility system in a power distribution grid. Integration is achieved by economic evaluation criteria, calculating the minimum cost of the system, considering investments, expenses, and depreciation of assets. The operation is evaluated taking into account the range of the vehicle, the impacts caused on the distribution grid, and its energy efficiency. The results are validated in a real electric bus system using ultra-fast charging, integrated into the distribution network that serves the Federal University of Minas Gerais, considering various scenarios and different electric mobility policies. The storage system is sized and the number and location of the charging stations are defined, taking into account the characteristics and demand variations required by the vehicle, number of stops, and topographic conditions of the route.