Observing the distribution of mosquito bites on humans to inform personal protection measures against malaria and dengue vectors

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dc.creatorTegemeo Gavana
dc.creatorWinifrida P. Mponzi
dc.creatorMarceline F. Finda
dc.creatorHalfan S. Ngowo
dc.creatorFredros O. Okumu
dc.creatorJohnson K. Swai
dc.creatorEmmanuel W. Kaindoa
dc.creatorKhamis Kifungo
dc.creatorAlvaro Eduardo Eiras
dc.creatorElis Paula de Almeida Batista
dc.creatorNancy S. Matowo
dc.creatorPeter O. Sangoro
dc.creatorArnold Sadikiel Mmbando
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-22T20:35:02Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-09T01:28:38Z
dc.date.available2023-11-22T20:35:02Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-25
dc.format.mimetypepdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271833
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1843/61273
dc.languagepor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
dc.relation.ispartofPLoS ONE
dc.rightsAcesso Aberto
dc.subjectDengue
dc.subjectMalária
dc.subjectCulicidae
dc.subject.otherDengue
dc.subject.otherMalária
dc.subject.otherCulicidae
dc.titleObserving the distribution of mosquito bites on humans to inform personal protection measures against malaria and dengue vectors
dc.typeArtigo de periódico
local.citation.epage13
local.citation.issue7
local.citation.spagee0271833
local.citation.volume17
local.description.resumoBackground Understanding mosquito biting behaviours is important for designing and evaluating protection methods against nuisance biting and mosquito-borne diseases (e.g. dengue, malaria and zika). We investigated the preferred biting sites by Aedes aegypti and Anopheles arabiensis on adult volunteers in standing or sleeping positions; and estimated the theoretical protection limits affordable from protective clothing or repellent-treated footwear. Methods Adult volunteers dressed in shorts and t-shirts were exposed to infection-free laboratory-reared mosquitoes inside screened chambers from 6am to noon (for day-biting Ae. aegypti) or 6pm to midnight (night-biting An. arabiensis). Attempted bites on different body parts were recorded. Comparative observations were made on same volunteers while wearing sandals treated with transfluthrin, a vapour-phase pyrethroid that kills and repels mosquitoes. Results An. arabiensis bites were mainly on the lower limbs of standing volunteers (95.9% of bites below the knees) but evenly-distributed over all exposed body surfaces when the volunteers were on sleeping positions (only 28.8% bites below knees). Ae. aegypti bites were slightly concentrated on lower limbs of standing volunteers (47.7% below knees), but evenly-distributed on sleeping volunteers (23.3% below knees). Wearing protective clothing that leave only hands and head uncovered (e.g. socks + trousers + long-sleeved shirts) could theoretically prevent 78–83% of bites during sleeping, and at least 90% of bites during non-sleeping hours. If the feet are also exposed, protection declines to as low as 36.3% against Anopheles. The experiments showed that transfluthrin-treated sandals reduced An. arabiensis by 54–86% and Ae. aegypti by 32–39%, but did not change overall distributions of bites. Conclusion Biting by An. arabiensis and Ae. aegypti occur mainly on the lower limbs, though this proclivity is less pronounced in the Aedes species. However, when hosts are on sleeping positions, biting by both species is more evenly-distributed over the exposed body surfaces. High personal protection might be achieved by simply wearing long-sleeved clothing, though protection against Anopheles particularly requires covering of feet and lower legs. The transfluthrin-treated footwear can reduce biting risk, especially by An. arabiensis. These findings could inform the design and use of personal protection tools (both insecticidal and non-insecticidal) against mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases.
local.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-0550
local.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-0422
local.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-0261
local.publisher.countryBrasil
local.publisher.departmentICB - DEPARTAMENTO DE PARASITOLOGIA
local.publisher.departmentICB - INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLOGICAS
local.publisher.initialsUFMG
local.url.externahttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271833

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