Formação humana e experiência comunitária na educação: contribuições metodológicas dos grupos comunitários de saúde mental

Abstract

It is currently emphasized the challenging context of Education in Brazil and in the world associated with the increase of severe cases of psychic suffering in the population, concomitant to the changes of a routine predominantly dictated by technology and by a lack of experiences lived in the community environment. Taking into account this scenario accelerated by the impact of COVID-19, the present research aimed to investigate the educational dimension that underlies the method of the Community Mental Health Groups (CMG), born in 1997 in the Day Hospital of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade of São Paulo. It is a proposal of personal care that has as a fundamental characteristic its insertion in a community. After presenting key concepts in the literature of the area, analyses inspired by classical Phenomenology allowed us to elucidate the essential elements of an educational nature present in the semi-structured interviews carried out with three participants and one of the founders. The results pointed out, through four identified units of meaning, an educational path specific to the GCSM methodology. The first of them emerged situating a place, in space and time, with a specific proposal and help for the work of recognizing the experiences of daily life, entitled in the words of one of the interviewees: School of learning to live: being taught; In the second meaning unit; Understanding life happening: a comprehension, the reports showed a certain understanding of experience, correlating it to meaning for the person and allowing a deepening in the knowledge of oneself, of the other, and of reality; named Walking with the magnifying glass: an attitude, the third unit gathered clear meanings of a new attitude that starts to invest the daily life, propitiated by the continuous adhesion to the Groups; finally and always in an intertwined way with the others, the fourth meaning unit called A human resonance: to be generated and to generate, brought up the experience of community from the perspective of a resonance of human factors present in life experiences that, when shared communally, they can generate a significant mobilization and transformation of the people who experience it. The discussion began by approaching what was defined as a crisis of the human and human formation. Then, three fundamental points of a "knowledge of experience" were described, namely: Recognizing a nature; The problem, therefore, is that attention; Educating the human as cultivation, culture. Based on the dialog with other authors interested in the subject, we sought to indicate important directions for practical developments in the educational field. It’s hoped that the ultimate aim of extrapolating the Mental Health context and problematizing the methodological contributions of the GCSM to the field of Education may open new paths of research and fruitful paths of reflection in order to contribute to the challenges referred in recent studies.