O contexto das Cidades Inteligentes e o Mapeamento Colaborativo como iniciativas preditivas ao gerenciamento de riscos na cidade de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

The 21st century is being marked by important social phenomena, above all, by the large concentration of people in urban areas. Such a scenario indicates a challenge related to the loss of basic functionalities in cities, mainly regarding access and management of the infrastructures and offered service, which enhances situations of vulnerability in urban centers. At this scenario, this paper highlights the direction around systemic management strategies integrated with other urban planning policies and collective efforts that promote the resilience of cities. The concept of Smart Cities emerges from this context, in the midst of attempts at responsive directions to urban centers and as an approach in search of quality of life and sustainable development, using mainly the intense use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as the main tool. In this sense, the concept of Smart Cities has been applied in different ways by Brazilian cities, especially in order to reduce urban vulnerability. In Belo Horizonte, the City Hall has developed a tool that stimulates digital capabilities and enables the decentralization of the information collection process based on the participation of users. The PBH APP is an application for mobile devices that combines concepts of Crowdsourcing and Collaborative Mapping, enabling citizens to inspect, manage and validate the services offered by the government, using ICTs as drivers of civic engagement to urban issues. Thus, based on a quantitative methodological approach, with data collected by users' requests, this study investigates the relationship between citizens and the government through the perception of quality of life, as well as the possibility of the PBH APP be used by public agents responsible for disaster risk management. We adopted as a case study the data of occurrences attended by the Military Fire Brigade of Minas Gerais (CBMMG), as well as the Belo Horizonte Urban Quality of Life Index (IQVU). From the sources cited, data related to environmental health were used, converging the requests for urban cleaning to fire attendance in places of residual deposits. Thus, using the numerical and cartographic systematization of the data set extracted from PBH APP, IQVU and CBMMG, the present research uses the overlapping of information through geoprocessing software and the methodology of Multicriteria Analysis and Combinatorial Analysis investigate the collaborative mapping initiative as a tool for public administration. It also evaluates the possibility of the application being used by the protection and civil defense agencies in the prevention and mitigation of risk situations in Belo Horizonte. It is, above all, the investigation of possible guidelines towards Smart Cities, sustainable development and social innovation.