A influência do drop do tênis no posicionamento articular dos membros inferiores em corredores – revisão da literatura

Abstract

Running is one of the fastest growing sports modalities, mainly due to its easy access and the growing search for better health conditions and disease prevention. However, this increase is also associated with the increase in the running related injuries risk. One factor of great importance for this sport is the choice of an appropriate shoe, it has already been demonstrated a high relevance of this factor not only in the sport performance, but also in the prevention of injuries. Among the factors that characterize a running shoe, we can mention the shoe drop, which is characterized by the relationship between the height of the posterior and anterior region of the shoe. This factor is directly related with the positioning of the foot in the initial contact phase of running. There is no consensus in the literature about the characteristics of shoe drop height. In addition, most of the studies consider changes related only to the talocrural joint. The objective of this study was identifying the biomechanical adaptations in the lower limb according to the variation of the drop height. This is a bibliographical review. Research has been made in MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO and Scopus databases. The search was based on the words “heel to toe drop”, “shoe drop”, “running kinematics”, “running mechanics”, “runners”, “lower extremity” and “randomized clinical trial”. Randomized clinical trial studies were included that had as a result the manipulation of the height of the drop of shoes in the mechanics of the lower limbs of runners of both genders and studies with a score lower than 4 on the PEDro Scale were excluded. Therefore, the data of this study suggest that there is a change in the angle of the ankle joint when using running shoes with minimalist characteristics, favoring their positioning in plantar flexion. In addition, this change extends to the knee joint, which presents lower abduction angles when using a lower drop height in running shoes.