O paradoxo da finitude: sobre o sentido onto-antropológico da psicanálise Freudiana.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present psychoanalysis specially thefreudian work considered as the foundational act of the psychoanalytical field as an object of the philosophical reflection. However, we think that this task cannot reach a reasonable success if we confine ourselves in the epistemological domain with the aim of investigate the problem of the scientific character of the psychoanalytical theory. Nevertheless the epistemological criteria are not stable and, during the last century, moved from logical empiricism to na approach emphasizing social and historical features. This change in epistemology which is related to the rising of human sciences seems to show a deep transformation in modernthinking, philosophically explained as a crisis of the paradigm of subjectivity. Now, psychoanalysis, whatever may be the evaluation of its scientific character, was one of the knowledges contributing meaningfully to the eruption of this crisis of the paradigm of subjectivity by way its conceptions regarding unconscious and drive. This we interpret as being the expression of an intrinsical dialectic of modernity. Thus, philosophical reflection on psychoanalysis ought to surpass the frontiers of the epistemology and attain the larger horizon of this dialectic of modernity.With the perspective of this new approach, however, we meet a paradox:psychoanalysis is not only the object but also the subject of the dialecticalprocess in which it is contained and contributed decisively to the change of the philosophical thinking which expresses this process. So, taking as reference the heideggerian thinking we try to face this paradox using a more radical form of thought, the discourse of an anthropologyof Knowledge and the hermeneutical ontology. This we designate as being the onto-anthropological meaning of psychoanalysis and we investigate following its development in the three conceptual movements of freudian metapsychology represented by the theories of repression, narcissism and drive.