Conflitos de uso da terra em Minas Gerais: uma análise com MapBiomas, solos e potencial de uso conservacionista

Abstract

The growing pressure on natural resources demands strategies for sustainable soil use. This study aimed to identify the main land use types in Minas Gerais and evaluate their conformity with soil characteristics and limitations through the Potential for Conservation Use (PUC), generating a conflict map. Geo-spatial datasets included MapBiomas land cover and use (Collection 9, 2023), the Minas Gerais Soil Map (UFV et al., 2010), and the Potential for Conservation Use Map (Gorgens et al., 2024). Information was processed and cross-referenced in a geoprocessing environment (QGIS and Python), and compatibility analysis followed the guidelines of the 4th edition of the Environmental and Productive Zoning (ZAP) Methodology. Results indicate that, of Minas Gerais' 586,522 km² territory, 65.9% (382,496 km²) show compatible land use with physical-environmental conditions. However, 22.3% (129,610 km²) require specific control and management, and 8.5% (49,270 km²) are classified as incompatible uses, concentrated mainly in the Northwest, North, Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, Vale do Rio Doce, and South/Southwest mesoregions of Minas Gerais. The analysis highlights the prevalence of Latosols and the predominance of pastures and forest formations on these soils. Despite its methodologic consistency, the analysis has limitations inherent to its state-level scale and reliance on secondary data. Its results, therefore, do not directly apply to property scale or local interventions without validation, as generalizations may not capture field-level specificities.