É nas encruzilhadas que encontramos resistências, emancipações e mortes: saúde da população negra e suas políticas

Abstract

In this research, we will focus on the health of the black population, covering resistance, struggle, confrontations and racism in Brazil, considering everything from society in its colonial state to the present day, culminating in the analysis of the construction of a public policy for black population. We realize that the health of the black population is crossed by inequalities and inequities, given institutional racism. According to the World Health Organization, racism is one of the social determinants of the process of illness and death of this population, but, throughout the country's history, there is an extensive trail of struggles and resistance to guarantee the right to health, among others. important advances described in historiography. To talk about the health of the black population and resistance, it was necessary to carry out research directed to the past, without the concern of following a completely linear format. This organizational proposal was based on the proverb sankofa, which means: “It is never too late to go back and pick up what was left behind”, representing a way of collecting the past, bringing it to the present and building the future. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze, based on scientific and empirical literature, Brazilian public policy aimed at the integral health of the black population, its advances and the struggle of black people to guarantee this right. Therefore, this dissertation is organized into three chapters/articles. The first is an essay that brings the historiographical perspective of the health of the black population, highlighting the resistance and presenting the Brazilian health system from the colonial period until the republic, based on death, compensatory and emancipatory policies, specifically until the year 2006, with the approval of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN) by the National Health Council. The second brings a recollection from the documentary of Marcha Zumbi dos Palmares, in 1995, understanding that this act, carried out in Brasília, brought advances to guarantee rights for the black population in various sectors of life, including health. The third article is an integrative review of the literature, which presents experiences in the SUS to confront institutional racism presented at a Brazilian congress in 2022.