Capacidade funcional em pessoas idosas comunitárias com transtornos neurocognitivos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging increases the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, which impair cognitive and functional abilities, reducing autonomy and quality of life. Objective: To review the literature on the functional capacity of community-dwelling older adults with NCDs, emphasizing physiotherapeutic interventions. Methods: Narrative review of studies published between 2019–2025 in SciELO, PubMed, and BVS, using descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: Six studies met inclusion criteria (1,049 participants). Multicomponent exercise programs improved mobility, balance, and strength, especially in TUG and SPPB tests. Moderate-intensity, ≥9-week interventions were most effective, though cognitive and ADL outcomes were modest. Conclusion: Physiotherapy through structured multicomponent exercise programs helps preserve functional capacity and delay decline in older adults with NCDs, reinforcing the value of personalized, community-based care.