Efeitos da oleandrina, ouabaína e digoxina no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca causada pela doxorrubicina

Abstract

Congestive heart failure affects millions of people worldwide and is also a reality in small animal veterinary medicine. New therapeutic modalities are important to improve the quality of life of patients with this syndrome. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cardioactive glycosides oleandrin and ouabain, and compare them to digoxin, glycoside with well-established use, 20 Wistar rats were used in the study, distributed into four groups with five animals in each group. The animals were challenged with a single intraperitoneal application of doxorubicin, at a dose of 12mg / kg, and treated with saline solution and the glycosides oleandrin, ouabain and digoxin, at a dose of 50µg/kg for seven days. They underwent echocardiography, electrocardiography, hematological and biochemical tests. All animals presented congestive heart failure, which was verified by a reduction in the ejection fraction. Oleandrin and digoxin were able to significantly reduce (p <0.05) the eccentric remodeling caused by doxorubicin. Oleandrin and digoxin were significantly lower (p <0.05) than control group in maintaining systolic volume and left ventricular volume in diastole. Other cardiac parameters evaluated did not show significant statistical differences. All animals showed an increase in erythrocyte count, an increase in the duration of the QRS complex on the ECG and myocardial necrosis in the histopathological analysis. It is concluded that the glycosides oleandrin, ouabain and digoxin in the used dosage, do not present therapeutic potential for the treatment of congestive heart failure caused by doxorubicin.