Importância da ontologia e epistemologia na pesquisa qualitativa: refletindo o método de estudo de caso

Abstract

Qualitative research is sometimes criticized for its flexibility, subjectivity, bias, limits on generalization, lack of representativeness, and the descriptive and narrative nature of its results. However, it is suitable for exploring the complexity of multifaceted phenomena because it allows for in-depth investigation of complex quantification problems. In this sense, it is necessary to structure ontological and epistemological intersections and interdependencies in order to create a robust framework to support research. Given this context, the general objective is to investigate the ontological and epistemological bases that support qualitative research, seeking an in-depth understanding of the conceptions of reality and the process of knowledge acquisition underlying this methodological approach. Furthermore, this research aims to shed light on the philosophical foundations of qualitative research, promoting a deeper and more critical understanding of this methodological approach and its impact on the production of scientific knowledge. To this end, a theoretical essay is used, which is exploratory research, seeking to deepen the understanding of concepts and theories. An essay focuses on the exploration, analysis, synthesis, and interpretation of theories, concepts, ideas, and existing knowledge in a specific field of study. The results demonstrate that an adequate structuring of ontological and epistemological aspects provides a robust framework for conducting qualitative research with a high level of validityand reliability. In conclusion, this research highlights the relevance of considering ontological and epistemological perspectives in qualitative research. Philosophical choices guide methodological decisions and have significant implications for the validity, credibility, and quality of research.