Métodos de mensuração de força muscular na classificação funcional de esportes paralímpicos: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The classification system in Paralympic sport aims to group athletes with similar levels of impairment into sporting classes, for this is essential to use consistent assessment methods that are valid for the characteristics of each sport. However, some methods can generate different interpretations among classifiers, for that reason it is important to develop research to implement more accurate systems. For the assessment of strength, Manual Muscle Test techniques are used, which may present divergences among the classifiers. In this sense, this study aimed to identify the muscle strength assessment tests used for the functional classification of athletes with physical disabilities through a systematic review. National and international studies published between 2010 and May 2020 were investigated, including cross-sectional, randomized and case studies (more than two people). Eight studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria, referring to athletics, wheelchair basketball, swimming and wheelchair rugby. Among the segments measured, studies related to maximum isometric strength of the upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk were verified, which used handgrip dynamometers and load cells. It was shown that the choice of isometric variables is an adequate option, as it presents greater resistance to sports training when compared to isotonic and isokinetic tests. The methods presented were also considered valid and reliable for classification. Further research is suggested in different sports and populations, with larger sample numbers and other strength assessment tools.