Intervenções formativas interprofissionais na assistência ao parto e nascimento: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Childbirth has historically been marked by disputes of knowledge and practices, still strongly influenced by the biomedical model. In this context, the training process becomes a key element for the implementation of interprofessional practice. However, interprofessional education faces several challenges until its full consolidation. Objective: To map in the literature the effects of interprofessional training interventions in childbirth care, considering their impacts on professional training dynamics, teamwork, and health services. Methodology: This is a scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) protocol and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE via PubMed, BVS, Web of Science (WOS), Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), and CINAHL databases, including studies published between 2004 and 2024. The effects of public policies such as the National Policy for Comprehensive Women’s Health Care (PNAISM) and the Stork Network were considered in promoting interprofessional training. In the end, nine studies were selected, with different contexts and implementation methodologies. Results: A total of 1,332 studies were identified, of which 9 were included in the final sample. The main pedagogical strategy used was realistic simulation, evidenced as effective in developing both technical and non-technical skills. Through these methodologies, it was possible to identify positive effects on professionals and within health services. Discussion: The analysis highlighted relevant benefits of interprofessional qualification, such as team integration and positive effects in the work environment. However, the sustainability of these practices depends on institutional support, including managerial incentives and continuous training. It is also important to broaden the scope of such training beyond obstetric emergencies, to address aspects such as leadership and communication skills. Final considerations: It is concluded that although interprofessional training interventions are recognized as the ideal model for obstetric care, interprofessional education was found to be scarcely present in the analyzed studies, revealing an important gap in qualification for childbirth care. The scarcity of research, even with the inclusion of gray literature, reinforces the need for further studies in the area and governmental support.