Eterno retorno e a perfeição institucional em Maquiavel

Abstract

The scope of the text is to analyze the political eternal return and the possibility of avoiding it by a republican institutional arrangement in Machiavelli. In this sense, this work, carried out through a bibliographical analysis of the Machiavellian works, is located in the field of Political Philosophy, especially when it assumes that its central problem is the question of the best regime. To Machiavelli, human history, which is political (since the human being is a political being), is cyclical and marked by a natural degeneration of the pure forms of government (principality, aristocracy, democracy), which leads to the eternal return. However, the cyclical character of the political is relative since a well-ordered city may suspend political-institutional degeneracy, like Rome. That is, the political result achieved by the Roman republic must be understood as paradigmatic.