Infecções pós-operatórias por Mycobacterium spp. de crescimento rápido em cirurgias de mastoplastia de aumento

Abstract

Rapid GrowthMycobacterium spp. (RGM) are associated withpostoperative infections, especially those of breast augmentation surgery, where theclinical is presentedin the form ofsuppurativelesionswithpyogenic abscessesand intenseinflammatory reaction. Recent years have seenan increased frequency ofprostheses infectionsafter cosmeticorreconstructive events. Mycobacterium spp.are classified astypical(M. tuberculosis) and atypical(M. nottuberculosis NTM) with the exception ofM.leprae that dontshowgrowthin vitro.In Brazilthere are reportsof cases and outbreaksof infection byRGMincludedin the complexM.chelonae, M.abscessusand M.fortuitum, relatedto surgery andother invasive procedures. RGMinfectionscan occurin any tissue, organ or systemof the human body, being more frequent in the skin andsubcutaneous tissue. In the skin, thelesionsare usuallynodularnear thesurgical siteoroccur along with the appearanceandserous points orscarsurgery. The infectionprogresses withchronic inflammatoryandgranulomatousaspect, and can evolve to abscesses, whichusually haveslow growth withmanifestationsuntil one yearafter surgery. Infection caused by rapid growth mycobacterium in breast augmentation surgery is considered of special concern among surgeons because although the low incidence, between 1 and 3% of cases, requires aggressive therapy with antibiotics because these infection are of great gravity. Themost prevalentcausative agentin infection caused byRGMin BrazilisM. massiliense, with exception ofsecondary infectionsinmastoplasty where prevails the M.fortuitum. Theobjective of this researchis to review theliterature on rapid growthmycobacterium and their relationship topostoperative infectionsofbreast augmentation surgery. The methodologyused wasbibliographical research, giving preference to theliterature of thepast10 years. We observed an imperative need to adoptbiosecuritybehaviorsby health professionals, to prevent and/or reducerates oftransmissionof these microorganisms.