Habilidades auditivas temporais, qualidade de vida e funcionalidade em escolares de nove a doze anos de idade: um estudo caso controle

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hearing is one of the main senses of human communication. Therefore, the integrity of the auditory pathways is fundamental. Auditory processing allows individuals to differentiate the complexities of a sound signal and perform different auditory skills. Among the auditory processing skills, resolution and temporal ordering deserve to be highlighted, as they constitute a prerequisite for the acquisition of language skills. Auditory processing disorder is the difficulty in the perceptual processing of auditory information in the central nervous system and the neurobiological activity that sustains it and allows the capture of electrophysiological potentials. For a proper diagnosis, it is essential that the clinical history, contextual factors and the use of questionnaires are used as a complement to behavioral tests. In this context, the importance of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health emerges, which can help health professionals to meet the individual needs of children. In addition, given the impact that auditory processing disorder can cause, the importance of evaluating the quality of life of these children is also evident. Objective: Investigate the association between temporal auditory skills, quality of life, functionality and sociodemographic aspects in school children. Methods: This is a two-phase study. The first phase aimed to perform a systematic review of published articles that used instruments to assess auditory temporal aspects in children and adolescents, having as a guiding question "Which instruments are used to assess temporal auditory aspects in children and adolescents?". The second phase, a case-control study with matching results in the Gaps-in-noise test, carried out with 39 schoolchildren aged between 9 and 12 years. Instruments: anamnesis, Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, PedsQLTM, Scale Auditory Behaviors, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, CONFIAS, Speech-Language Awareness Test and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and linear logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results with a significance level of 5% were considered as statistically significant associations. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences program, version 25.0, was used. Results: In the first phase, 2,124 articles were found for reading titles and abstracts, of which 28 were included in the review. In the second phase, the impact of changes in temporal auditory skills on quality of life, behavioral aspects and functionality was observed. Conclusion: the review revealed that the most used instruments were temporal ordering and that most of the studies addressed language alterations. The second phase brought the look of the categories of “Body Functions” and “Participation Activities” of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health on temporal auditory aspects, allowing the design of studies that associated them with other instruments, such as behavior and quality of life. So, through this perspective, it was possible to present a new vision in the perception of health, now focused on individual aspects and not just on the disease.