Métodos baseados na detecção de DNA para rastreamento de modificações genéticas em cultivares transgênicos de milho e soja

Abstract

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of DNA-based methods to detection of genetic modifications in soybean and maize cultivars. Furthermore, the transgenic events present in these cultivars approved for commercialization in Brazil have been identified and genetically characterized. The reach research objectives a database search in Web of Science and Pubmed was performed according to the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). Subject articles were included by researching the main transgenic detection methods in soybean and maize. Several articles were evaluated; however, the focus research was to explore transgenic screening techniques based on DNA detection by PCR. Among the commonly-found target sequence featured for genes that provide resistance to insects, herbicide tolerance genes or both, as well as supporting and terminator regions. In order to better understand the transgenic events approved for Brazilian commercialization, search at regulatory sites for information was made, including the National Biosafety Technical Commission, Biotechnology Information Center and the Genetic Right Foundation. It was possible understand and characterize the transgenic events present in maize and soybean cultivars approved for commercialization in Brazil, associating them with the detection research methods according PRISMA methodology. It was concluded that traditional PCR, multiplex or real-time PCR based on DNA presence are reliable methods to detect coding gene sequences, promoters and terminators commonly found in the studied cultivars