Licenciamento ambiental e arqueologia de contrato: desafios do ofício no contexto de desregulação ambiental, um estudo de caso sobre a UHE Formoso

Abstract

The preservation of historical and cultural heritage has become increasingly relevant in contemporary Brazil. In this context, contract archaeology plays a fundamental role in the environmental licensing process, especially in large-scale projects that impact traditional communities. This study critically analyzes the environmental licensing process from the perspective of contract archaeology and the sociology of environmental licensing, using the UHE Formoso in Minas Gerais as a case study. The research is structured into three chapters. The first chapter addresses the laws and regulations related to contract archaeology and its importance in environmental licensing. The second chapter presents a detailed case study of the UHE Formoso, analyzing the stages of the licensing process and its implications. The third chapter includes interviews with archaeological consultants, seeking to understand the challenges faced and the importance of contract archaeology in this context. The results reveal a lack of unity in discussions and the absence of institutions recognized by public agencies to debate the professional conditions of archaeological consultants. This leads to constraints and abuses, compromising the quality and impartiality of the studies. The pressure exerted by companies and the state influences the process, resulting in conflicts of interest and a lack of accountability for environmental damages. Therefore, it is necessary to promote dialogue and reflection on the importance of contract archaeology in environmental licensing, considering the protection of historical and cultural heritage and the rights of affected traditional communities. This requires improving laws, strengthening institutions, and fostering a culture of preservation and respect for cultural diversity.