Segregação hierárquica e a desvalorização salarial em cargos de liderança: uma análise do fenômeno de teto de vidro no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro

Abstract

Despite the expansion of female participation along the hierarchical structure of companies, the sex composition in higher hierarchical occupations still is a relevant factor in terms of gender inequality in the labor market. The wages received by men and women in these positions, in turn, continue to show significant differences over the years. In this sense, this study investigates the existence of systematic hierarchical segregation in the Brazilian formal labor market that hinders women from reaching the top of the occupation ladder, as well as the gender wage gap in these positions. Thus, it seeks to ascertain the existence of the glass ceiling phenomenon in Brazil. Using RAIS data for 2003, 2010 and 2017, it is found that although the formal labor market shows a reduction in gender inequalities in this period, women are less likely to hold leadership positions, especially in occupations with greater female concentration. Likewise, it is observed, using Machado and Mata (2005) decomposition methodology, an increasing devaluation of women’s salary along the wage distribution, especially in the top occupations. There is also a significant wage gap not explained by the productive characteristics of workers or markets’ aspects. Hence, it is argued that there is a glass ceiling phenomenon in Brazil.