Retórica, dialética e filosofia na Retórica de Aristóteles

Abstract

In this dissertation, the affinity between rhetoric and dialectic in Aristotle's Rhetoric is analyzed, highlighting the concept of ἀντίστροφος (commonly translated as “counterpart”), which positions rhetoric as a logical and persuasive technique connected to dialectic. Aristotle argues that rhetoric is not merely emotional manipulation but an art (τέχνη). Thus, this work will explore how Aristotelian rhetoric employs logical elements, especially the enthymeme (ἐνθύμημα), a type of syllogism adapted to persuasion, and the example (παράδειγμα), with the aim of composing effective speeches suitable for persuading citizens participating in courts and assemblies in Athens. Initially, this dissertation examines Aristotle's critique of earlier approaches to rhetoric, which neglected the enthymeme and focused on influencing emotions. It then moves on to discuss the role of emotions in persuasion, which Aristotle interprets (in his cognitive approach to emotions) as dispositions (Book II, 1–11) that, when well-directed, complement logical arguments. Finally, the dissertation addresses delivery (λέξις) and the arrangement (τάξις) of the speech, important aspects for rhetorical effectiveness. It aims to conclude that Aristotle structures rhetoric as a rational art, distinguishing it from empiricism (ἐμπειρία) and considering it a branch of dialectic. This dissertation seeks to demonstrate that this characterization provides a unified and coherent view, as far as possible, of rhetoric as a technique of persuasion grounded in the use of logical strategies.