Desenvolvimento dos primeiros sinais clínicos de alterações da gordura corporal em pessoas vivendo com o hiv: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Component of several metabolic issues associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, the lipodystrophy has been associated with a social stigma, the antiretroviral therapy abandonment, and the increase of morbimortality. The aim of this review was to respond to the leading question: “What is the incidence of lipodystrophy, and the mean time for the first clinical symptoms in people living with HIV?” The integrative review was performed in Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Health Science International Literature (PubMed), using the descriptors: Lipodystrophy, HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome, Body Fat Distribution, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Abdominal Fat, Subcutaneous Fat, Fat Body, Adipose Tissue, Adiposity, Incidence, Epidemiology, HIV, AIDS. Subsequently to the methodological sieve, seven studies were selected between the years 2002 and 2014. Synthesizing the results, it was found that, after 12 months of antiretroviral treatment, 19.7% of the assessed patients presented lipoatrophy, and 27.25% lipohypertrophy. In one of the studies, which evaluated mixed lipodystrophy, the incidence was 13 out of 100 individuals. According to the studies found in this review, the primary lipodystrophy signs may appear in the first year after the antiretroviral treatment exposure. These data suggest that the fat redistribution may be associated with an acute condition of HIV infection.