O impacto da violência nas escolas sobre a proficiência estudantil: uma análise para as capitais nordestinas

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate how school violence affects the performance in portuguese and mathematics of the students of 9th grade students from public schools in the northeastern capitals. As pointed out in the last report of the Mexican Non-Governmental Organization Consejo Ciudadano para la Seguridad Pública y la Justicia Penal, all the capitals of the Northeast region appear in the list of the 50 most violent cities in the world, following the criterion of homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. In light of this, we used the microdata of Prova Brasil (2011) and applied econometric methods, more specifically linear hierarchical models and quantile regressions, to estimate the impact of violence on student proficiency. The results suggest the occurrence of negative effects of violence in both proficiencies, even after controlling for student and school characteristics. Moreover, it was also observed that these effects are maintained along the distribution of grades and the most affected are the students located in the lower quantiles.