Taxonomic revision of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae), and phylogenetic inference of Serpocaulon tayronae
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Descrição
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título alternativo
Revisão taxonomica de Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae), e inferência filogenetica de Serpocaulon tayronae
Primeiro orientador
Membros da banca
Thaís Elias Almeida
Fernando Bittencourt de Matos
Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich
João Aguiar Nogueira Batista
Fernando Bittencourt de Matos
Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich
João Aguiar Nogueira Batista
Resumo
This doctoral dissertation focus on the taxonomic and systematic revision of Serpocaulon A.R. Sm., a fern genus that was originally described with 40 species. It is an important fern flora element from the premontane and montane forest of the Neotropics. The genus is characterized by long- creeping (predominantly) rhizomes, clathrate scales, and veins regularly anastomosing (goniophlebioid), the areoles chevron-shaped and with a single, free, included veinlet. Its taxonomy is difficult for several reasons: many names are unclear due to incomplete types and protologues; there is a lack of collections from some regions of the Neotropics; there is great morphological variation within some taxa ‘complexes’, such as those with S. catharinae, S. eleutherophlebium, S. fraxinifolium, S. lasiopus, S. loriceum and S. triseriale; and finally for the possible hybridization that can obscure species boundaries. A morphological analysis was performed from the study of 2167 specimens deposited in 41 herbaria or collected during field trips made in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Peru. In the same way, the controversial circumscription of Serpocaulon tayronae was explored by the phylogenetic inference of two cpDNA markers from a data set of 99 species of Polypodiaceae. As a result of this dissertation, 37 species and five hybrids are now recognized in Serpocaulon. From these species, S. australe D. Sanín, J.C. Ospina, I.O. Moura & Salino and S. psychotrium Mostacero, D. Sanín & A.R. Sm., are described as new. Serpocaulon demissum (Fée) D. Sanín is proposed as a new combination. One new hybrid status is here proposed, S. ×semipinnatifidum (Fée) D. Sanín, and a new hybrid is described, S. ×tabuleirense D. Sanín & Salino. On the other hand, nomenclatural and chorological results listed 259 names that were found. From these, 75 names were lectotypified (first step 41, second step 34), two neotypes were designated. Moreover, 19 names are newly synonymized, five species were excluded, 24 names were considered as nomina dubia and five as nomina nuda. The geographic distribution of 27 species was expanded, as well as the elevational range of the genus (0 to 4200 m). The Andes of Ecuador and Colombia are the main center of diversity and the Atlantic Rain forest of Brazil is the center of endemism with three restricted species (S. demissum, S. glandulosissimum and S. meniscifolium). A taxonomic key, descriptions and taxonomical discussions, local names, uses, illustrations, photographs of the plants in the field, micro-photographs of the spores, and distribution maps of the species are provided in the Chapter 1. In the molecular phylogeny obtained, Serpocaulon tayronae was nested in the Pruinose clade of Campyloneurum. Morphologically, the long-creeping rhizomes with spreading rhizome scales that have auriculate bases and isodiametric cells are characters that it shares with the Pruinose clade. The new combination Campyloneurum tayronae (D. Sanín) D. Sanín is provided in the Chapter 2.
Abstract
Assunto
Morfologia vegetal, Taxonomia vegetal, Filogenia, Samambaias
Palavras-chave
Campyloneurum, ferns, morphology, nomenclature, molecular phylogeny, Tropical America