Condições envolvidas na realização de traqueostomia em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the conditions involved in performing tracheostomy in patients on mechanical ventilation, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a private hospital. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study, carried out in 2017. Age, sex, main occupation, marital status, classification by affected system or organ, day of tracheostomization, and outcome (discharge from the ICU or death) were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the R version 3.6 program, generating descriptive statistics such as: mean, standard deviation, minimums, and maximums for quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative variables. Results: Most were male, married, from the capital, and working. The most affected systems were respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal. Of the sample, 60% were discharged from the ICU, and 40% died. The mean age was 70 years, and the median was 68. Patients were tracheostomized, on average on the 11th day after orotracheal intubation. Crossing variables, there was an association only between outcome (discharge or death) and affected system. Conclusion: It is suggested to carry out further studies focused on nursing care with tracheostomized people. Tracheostomization is an invasive practice that requires special care and attention.