Influência das adaptações circulatórias centrais e periféricas no aprimoramento do VO2 máximo

Abstract

The maximum oxygen volume that a person can consume and transform into energy during aerobic exercises, frequently assigned as VO2 max, represents the human maximum aerobic capacity. Tissue oxygen consumption depends on two essential factors: the blood flow towards this tissue and the extraction of arterial oxygen from blood stream to the issue. In order to increase the maximum aerobic capacity or VO2 max, a training program is requested following the principles of sportive training. The influence of central and peripherycal circulatory adaptations in the improvement of VO2 max capacity has been studied in order to help high-performance athletes of endurance to improve their performances. The biological process of adaptation can be separately analyzed in specific adaptative reactions to the training process that considered as a hole creates improvement in individual performances. The peripherycal adaptations such as the myoglobin content, oxidation of substracts, higher mitochondrial and capillary density, together with central circulatory adaptations such as increase in plasma and systolic volume, cardiac output, physiological hypertrophy of left ventriculum and heart rate rest decrease, has a direct influence on the improvement of VO2 max. The central and peripherycal adaptations are considered physiological adaptations to the sports training that leads to an improvement in the VO2 max.