Algoritmo de Shor e sua aplicação à fatoração de números inteiros

Abstract

Shors algorithm is a quantum algorithm that finds with high probability the order of an element $x \in Z_{N}^{*}$. One of its applications is the construction of an algorithm that finds the factors of N. In the initial chapters we approach necessary tools for the comprehension of Shors algorithm such as: modular arithmetic, algorithms, continued fractions, basic concepts of quantum computing and Fourier quantum transform. In the following chapters we present Shors algorithm an its application in factorization.