Política nacional de atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas : desmantelamento e resistência

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the recent trajectory of Indigenous health policy (from 2016 to 2022) with a view to describing the process that aimed at its dismantling, explaining its motivations, its scope, as well as the resistance to this process, identifying the actors involved, the arenas of action, and their repertoires of action. The research was undertaken through bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to in-depth interviews with leaders of Indigenous movements and bureaucrats from the Ministry of Health, the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health, and Special Indigenous Health Districts. The methods of analysis undertaken were: qualitative data analysis, categorical content analysis, and discourse analysis. The most recent literature on dismantling and the theoretical-analytical assumptions regarding resistance and social movements, notably in their relational and contentious understanding, underpin and guide the analyses. It is concluded that there was a process of dismantling the National Policy for Indigenous Health Care (PNASPI), through a coalition formed by political agents guided by the integrationist paradigm, who hold power in various arenas, mainly in the Legislative, and who gained greater decision-making space in the Federal Executive during the administrations of former presidents Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro. However, the resistance from the coalition formed by the national Indigenous movement and its allies managed to ensure the resilience of PNASPI, through contentious politics in various arenas and the use of diverse repertoires of action. The thesis contributes to research that points to historically intertwined processes against Indigenous Peoples. Furthermore, it adds to the theory on the dismantling of public policies, by introducing the idea that actors in a resistance coalition can be a relevant political constraint to interrupt this process, thus contributing to the intersection of two fields of Political Science: public policy studies and those that delve into the analysis of social movements.