Human: reflexões sobre a humanidade a partir das racionalidades instrumental e substantiva

Abstract

Explanations of reality, from metaphysics to positivism, are integral parts of the great debates aimed at clarifying the phenomena that surround individuals, as human beings and as social beings. With regard to the phenomena of social formatting, it is considered that they are the result of a collective construction, but it is composed of subjects who hold their own subjectivities. Through the analysis of the documentary film Human, this article proposes to provoke reflections about the transgression of the essence of the human being caused by instrumental rationality, illustrating how the structural imposition of society imprisons the subject in his work relations. Complementarily, reflect on how human action should be performed as a practice for the collective. To fulfill the purpose, fragments of testimonies from the documentary film Human were selected as illustration, subjecting them to the methodological conceptions of film analysis. The theoretical framework, supported by the constructions of the Frankfurt School and also, Brazilian theorists of critical organizational theory, finds in Guerreiro Ramos the foundation of the debate through the emphasis on substantive rationality. The analysis dealt with (i) labor relations and instrumental logic and (ii) practice for the collective as the foundation of human essence. In conclusion, in addition to rescuing fragments of the documentary film Human, contrasting the narratives with the proposed theoretical framework, it was noticed that individuals, in essence, are endowed with perceptions of the social context in which they are imbued.