Associação entre tipo facial, possível bruxismo do sono e em vigília e características clínicas em adolescentes

Abstract

The characteristics of the facial muscle, the variation of the shape of the face, both vertically and horizontally, determine the facial type of an individual. Diagnosis of the facial type and its associated features is important, since individuals with different facial types have their own characteristics. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of sleep and awake bruxism and their associated clinical characteristics among dolichofacial, brachyfacial and mesofacial adolescents. Four hundred three individuals participated. Adolescents‟ facial type (dolichofacial, brachyfacial or mesofacial) was determined. Possible sleep and awake bruxism were assessed. The clinical characteristics pain in the masseter and in the temporal muscle, snoring, drooling on the pillow, indentations marks on the tongue, linea alba on the inner cheek, attrition in anterior teeth, attrition in posterior teeth, maximum opening of the mouth and electrical muscle activity were also evaluated. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression were performed. Results were provided in odds ratio (OR) e confidence intervals (CI). Among the 403 adolescents, 234 (58.1%) were female individuals and 169 (41.9%) were male individuals. As regards the facial type, most adolescents presented a dolichofacial facial type (54.3%), followed by adolescents with mesofacial facial type (26.1%) and those presenting a brachyfacial facial type (19.6%). Adolescents‟ mean age was 14.36 years. Brachyfacial adolescents were less likely to present possible awake bruxism compared to mesofacial adolescents (OR=0.45, CI=0.21-0.98). Brachyfacial adolescents were more likely to present pain in the temporal muscle (OR=6.58, CI=2.17-19.93) and a higher number of posterior teeth with attrition (OR=1.24, CI=1.02-1.52) compared to mesofacial adolescents. Dolichofacial adolescents were more likely of not presenting pain in the masseter muscle (OR=2.21, CI=1.02-4.79), had a greater maximum opening of the mouth (OR=1.58, CI=1.13-2.20), had a higher number of posterior teeth with attrition (OR=1.17, CI=1.00-1.38) and were more likely to drool on the pillow sometimes (OR=2.06, CI=1.15-3.68) compared to mesofacial adolescents. Dolichofacials adolescents were more likely of not presenting pain in the temporal muscle (OR=5.73, CI=2.12-15.49), to present themselves without marks on the tongue (OR=2.23, CI=1.08-4.57) and with a greater maximum opening of the mouth (OR=2.18, CI=1.46-3.24) compared to brachyfacial adolescents. Bruxism and its clinical characteristics differ among dolichofacial, brachyfacial and mesofacial adolescents.