Desempenho térmico atual e futuro de edifícios residenciais multifamiliares de médio e alto padrão

Abstract

In view of the new methodology for thermal performance of ABNT NBR 15575:2021, it is necessary to analyze the most different typologies built in the country. It is noted that, up to the time of writing this work, there have been few publications evaluating the method in general and, in particular, those aimed at medium and high standard typologies. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the thermal performance of a medium and high standard archetype in different climatic contexts in the country, considering all cities of the new Brazilian Bioclimatic Zoning. The ABNT NBR 15575:2021 method for thermal performance was used, evaluating the values of maximum and minimum operating temperature and percentage of hours within an operating temperature range for the minimum performance level and thermal load values for the intermediate and superior levels. The archetype used was constructed based on a survey of medium and high standart buildings for the city of Belo Horizonte combined with data from the 2019 Pesquisa de Posse e Hábitos - Eletrobras for socioeconomic classes A and B. In the critical implementation of each city, architectural strategies were evaluated according to each climate to meet the higher performance level. In addition, the same cities and critical implementations were also evaluated considering future climate data in order to verify the performance of the Standard under these conditions and how this impacts the performance level of the buildings and the variables analyzed. As main results, it is highlighted that the simplified method tends to be difficult to meet for medium and high-end buildings, mainly due to the excess of glass that these typologies have. In cities with colder climates, it is easier to obtain performance above the minimum, and in the others, the application of strategies is essential for this change. Regarding assessments for the future climate, it is worth noting that the Standard, despite maintaining or reducing the performance level to the minimum, continues to approve buildings even in extreme conditions – with maximum temperatures and energy consumption quite high in relation to assessments of the current climate.