O perfil poligênico nas cargas externas em partidas oficiais de futebol

Abstract

Athletic performance is a multifactorial trait influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and its relationship with football has been increasingly investigated. The analysis of external loads, such as maximum speed and the relationship between total distance and time played, in football is often performed using the global positioning system (GPS). Alterations in genetic processes, such as transcription and translation, can affect the quality and quantity of proteins produced, compromising the physical performance of athletes, especially in high-performance contexts. When present in more than 1% of the population, DNA mutations are classified as polymorphisms, with ACTN3 (rs1815739) being a widely studied example and TTN-AS1 (rs1001238) an emerging polymorphism. The Total Genotype Score (TGS), or genetic predisposition score, was developed to assess the integrative effect of multiple genetic markers on athletic traits. The present study aimed to analyze the differences in ACTN3 (RR, RX, XX) and TTN-AS1 (CC, CT, TT) polymorphisms in different TGS groups, correlating them with external load variables obtained via GPS in under-20 soccer players during national competitions. The results showed significant differences between the TGS groups regarding maximum speed and the ratio of total distance per time played. In conclusion, the study suggests a possible association between the combination of different genotypes of the ACTN3 gene (rs1815739) and the TTN-AS1 gene (rs1001238) for both maximum speed performance and aerobic endurance. These findings may be helpful for sports professionals, allowing the customization of training programs based on athletes' genetic characteristics, aiming to optimize their physical capacities and prevent injuries.