Fertilidade do solo e estoques de carbono e nitrogênio sob sistemas agroflorestais no cerrado mineiro

Abstract

Agroforestry systems are used to diversify food production, provide an increase in the biodiversity of fauna and flora as well as the conservation of carbon and nutrients in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fertility and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks of the soil after ten years of agroforestry system (SAFs) implantation in the Cerrado biome of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The study was carried out in the American Agroextractivist Settlement, located in the municipality of Grão Mogol, northern mesoregion of the state of Minas Gerais. Three SAFs and two adjacent native vegetation areas (VNs) were used as reference for the study, which were grouped according to the soil class: Red-Yellow Latosol and Haplic Cambisol. The soil sampling was carried out in March 2013, ten years after the implementation of the SAFs, where composite samples were removed from the 0-5 and 0-20 cm soil depth layers for the evaluation of nutrient contents and apparent density, and in the first layer the soil C and N stocks. SAFs that were deployed with management based on prune trees and maintenance of floristic diversity contributed with the improvement of the soil quality and the maintenance of fertility and C stocks at levels like in native vegetation. On the other hand, the SAF that was implanted with the previous suppression of the native vegetation reduced the tree diversity and, consequently, the C stocks over time. However, management with annual crops and the use of legumes contributed to the improvement of soil fertility and to the increase of N contents and stocks.