Laserterapia na otimização do tratamento da osteomielite e osteonecrose dos maxilares

Abstract

Osteomyelitis is a progressive inflammatory process in bone tissue and can be acute, subacute or chronic; it begins in the bone marrow, spreads and extends to the neighboring soft tissues through the bone, involving the medullary, cortical, spongy and periosteal portions, several systemic conditions may predispose to this process. Photobiomodulation Therapy (Low Power Laser Therapy) is nothing more than the therapeutic use of light absorbed by endogenous chromophores, triggering non thermal, non-cytotoxic, biological reactions through photochemical or photophysical events, leading to physiological changes and promoting microbial reduction, analgesia, inflammation modulation, angiogenesis and tissue repair. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is an antimicrobial therapeutic modality (against fungi, viruses and bacteria), resulting from the association of a photosensitizer to a light source, in the presence of oxygen, with the objective of forming Oxigen-reactive species. This work is based on a scientific literature review, with the objective of analyzing the capacity of laser therapy in optimizing the treatment of osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis of the jaws. It is possible to state that the literature converges regarding the efficacy, practicality, safety and clinical applicability of photobiomodulation in bone diseases. However, we see the need for further research work to define and improve a protocol that offers practicality for the application of laser in the treatment or as an adjunct to the treatment of osteomyelitis/ osteonecrosis of the jaws