Entre a vulnerabilidade e o provisório: o caso das políticas públicas temporárias voltadas à moradia de aluguel no município de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

Temporary public policies aimed at rental housing have played an important role in the Municipal Policy of Belo Horizonte, offering assistance to people removed from risk areas, families removed due to public works, people with a history of living on the streets and women in situations of domestic violence. Assistance to these groups can be provided through the Bolsa Moradia, Abono Pecuniário and Morada Segura programs. To analyze temporary public policies aimed at rental housing, the content of the right to adequate housing was considered, highlighting the challenges in the implementation of human rights based on public policies, and also how housing has been thought of in the context of the financialization of cities and housing. The objective of this study was to list the limitations in access to the right to adequate housing through temporary rental policies, problematizing the institutional, legal and political aspects of the programs. In this sense, the following points stand out: the indefinite provisionality of assistance through temporary policies, the reduction in resources allocated to Belo Horizonte's public housing policy, the lack of government control over the impacts of rental policies, and the lack of links to land-urban and social assistance policies. Based on this effort, it was possible to confirm the hypothesis that temporary public policies aimed at rental housing are not guided by the realization of the right to adequate housing. It is also concluded that the flexibility advocated by these programs may represent a risk to the defense of social rights, since it justifies the formulation and implementation of insufficient public policies regarding access to adequate housing and decent living conditions. Two study techniques were used to conduct this research: exploratory and bibliographic. With the exploratory technique, it was possible to understand, based on the collection and analysis of data from the Bolsa Moradia, Abono Pecuniário, and Morada Segura programs, the context of access to adequate housing in Belo Horizonte. Using the bibliographic technique, a review of the literature related to the object of study was carried out. It was concluded that there is no control, on the part of the City of Belo Horizonte, over the incorporation of the right to adequate housing in the formulation and implementation of temporary public policies aimed at rental housing, which are not guided by this right. In fact, temporary policies, instead of guaranteeing full access to social rights, are limited to mitigating situations of vulnerability.