Mobilidade dos trabalhadores na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte: uma perspectiva de idade, período e dos padrões de seletividade espacial por modo de transporte

Abstract

The study of urban mobility has gained increasing importance in Demography. In the group of movements that do not require a change of residence are those daily performed by the population for reasons of work, study, health, shopping and leisure. The patterns of these displacements can be influenced by the used mode of transport, as much as the characteristics of individuals and their place of residence. This thesis seeks to fundamentally understand to what extent these patterns can portray the vulnerabilities of certain population groups. Mobility was studied according to three characteristics: time spent between origin and destination, commuting and the mode of transport used. The age and period effects on commuting time were analyzed based on data from the PNAD between 1988 and 2015. The spatial patterns of flow by reason of work in the RMBH were analyzed using data from the 2002 and 2012 OD Surveys, which also made it possible to draw a picture of the use of modes of transport. Through the age, period and cohort model (APC), it was observed that the commuting time in the RMBH has an increasing and significant effect on age; the period effect showed only small oscillations and with a magnitude close to zero. With regard to the use of modes of transport, there was an important increase over time in the use of the individual motorized mode of transport to the detriment of the collective mode. In the spatial analysis it is possible to see a decentralization of work-related displacements between 2002 and 2012, in which Belo Horizonte, despite still being the main destination in the MR, loses some of its importance as a recipient of labor. In the analyzes of population categories, it was observed, mobility inequities by income, education, age, and labor market status. The results also suggest gender inequities, with women still being predominantly seen as caretakers in the household, as a consequence of this, having shorter times and average distances covered. In addition to women, the thesis shows that other vulnerable groups, such as informal workers, individuals with low education and income, as well as young and the elderly people, also follow this pattern of proximity between home and work. In short, the main differential of this thesis is that it combines mobility studies, demographic issues and social vulnerability from different perspectives – addressing not only mobility patterns defined by origin, destination and flow, but also the point of view of mode of transport and the socioeconomic context of the individual.