Modelos de intervenção precoce no desenvolvimento da linguagem oral nos transtornos do espectro do autismo : revisão de literatura

Abstract

The aim of this study was to carry out a bibliographic survey of the last 6 years on the early intervention models used to promote the use of oral language in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. To survey the articles in the literature, the bibliographic research was carried out by searching the following databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Virtual Health Library), MEDLINE via PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and EMBASE from 2018 to 2023. The selection criteria were as follows: studies that answered the guiding question and the established descriptors, studies published in the last 6 years (from 2018 to 2023), participating age group - infant to schoolchildren (up to 5 years of age) and no language restrictions. Articles without full texts were excluded. The search using descriptors revealed 5012 articles in the pre-established databases. Of these studies found, 2742 were duplicates, which resulted in 2270 articles for the reading of titles and abstracts. After this stage, 2052 articles were excluded and 218 articles were selected for full reading. After full reading, 21 studies were selected within the established criteria and were chosen for this review. For the analysis of the selected articles, the information on the studies was organized in a protocol, considering the following aspects: title, author/authors, year, country, type of study, objectives, sample, model used and results. Studies with the following models, methodologies and approaches used to promote the use and stimulate the appropriate development of oral language skills in the Autism Spectrum Disorder approach were verified: ABA - Applied Behavior Analysis; Alternative and Augmentative Communication – PECS - Picture xchange Communication System e DHACA – Method Development of Communication Skills in Autism; ESDM - Early Start Denver Model; Pathways Early Autism Intervention; Early Language Intervention; Social Pragmatic Development Interventions; Language Modeling Strategies; Parental Guidance and Caregiver Training; PRT - Pivotal Response Treatment; Parental guidance program based on the principles of ABA and PRT; Peermediated approach in an intervention with a speech generating device; JASPER - The JASPER Model for Children with Autism: Promoting Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation; Program Hanen More Than Words; EMT - Enhanced Milieu Teaching Communication Intervention and NDBI - Naturalistic evelopmental Behavioral Intervention.