Associação entre sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular e impacto nas dimensões física e psicossocial da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with the presence of physical and psychosocial impact of oral health conditions among adults in a small city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A population-based epidemiological study was carried out with a probabilistic sample of adults (30-50 years). Interview and epidemiological examination were performed by calibrated examiners (Kappa> 0.7). The dependent variable was the presence of physical and psychosocial impact of oral health conditions, assessed using the validated version in Brazil of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). The presence of impact was defined by the impact report “repeatedly” or “always” in at least one of the functions measured by OHIP-14. The main independent variable, presence of TMD symptoms was assessed using the Anamnesis Questionnaire of Fonseca (1994). The covariables were oral health conditions (presence of caries, periodontal disease and reduced dentition), sociodemographic profile (sex, age and self-declared skin color), socioeconomic profile (education and income) and health behaviors (smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages). Descriptive analyzes, chi-square test and association analysis using the Poisson regression model were performed. Of the total sample of 197 participants, 114 (59.30%) had a physical and psychosocial impact of oral health conditions and 135 (68.19%) had at least one TMD symptom. The presence of TMD symptoms was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of impact, regardless of oral health conditions, sociodemographic and socioeconomic profile and health behaviors of the adults interviewed. Individuals with TMD symptoms had a prevalence of impact 1.75 (95% CI: 1.18 - 2.57) times higher than that observed among those who did not report any symptoms, being psychological discomfort (60.46%), physical pain (40.19%) and psychological disability (35.71%) the dimensions of the OHIP-14 most affected (p <0.001). TMD is a condition with high prevalence in the population and the presence of symptoms of dysfunction is associated with oral impacts on different dimensions of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). These results show the importance of early identification of the presence of TMD symptoms to reduce the impact on the physical and psychosocial dimensions of OHRQoL and to incorporate TMD as an essential theme in the practice of health professionals, in the academic formation of universities and in the formulation of public policies